The increasingly complex and transnational nature of contemporary security threats has reinforced the need for greater coherence between National Security Strategy (NSS) and foreign policy.
This paper examines the nexus between these two strategic instruments within the African context, arguing that they are mutually reinforcing mechanisms for safeguarding national interests, promoting regional stability and advancing sustainable development.
Drawing on the theoretical perspectives of Realism, Liberal Institutionalism, Human Security Theory and the Comprehensive Security Approach, the paper demonstrates that while the NSS provides the strategic framework for identifying national interests, assessing threats and coordinating the instruments of national power, foreign policy operationalises these objectives through diplomacy, defence diplomacy, economic engagement, intelligence cooperation and regional integration.
Using examples from African states, the article highlights how integrated security and foreign policy frameworks enhance resilience against terrorism, organised crime, cyber threats, climate change and other emerging security challenges.
It also examines the institutional and governance constraints that undermine policy coherence, including fragmented coordination, resource limitations and evolving multidimensional threats.
The paper concludes that African states should adopt coherent, people-centred National Security Strategies that are closely aligned with foreign policy and national development agendas. Such an integrated approach will strengthen strategic coordination, improve regional cooperation and enhance the capacity of African states to promote sustainable peace, security and development in an increasingly interconnected global environment.
