Ghana decriminalizes attempted suicide

In a groundbreaking legal reform, the Republic of Ghana has officially decriminalized attempted suicide, following the passing of the Criminal Offences Amendment Act, 2023 (Act 1092).

This significant move was communicated through a notice from the Office of the Judicial Secretary, directed by Chief Justice, Justice Gertrude Torkonoo to all Circuit Court Judges and Magistrates across the country.

The directive, signed by Justice Cyra Pamela G.A. Koranteng (JA), Judicial Secretary, informs judges and magistrates that the amendment to Section 57 of the Criminal Offences Act, 1960 (Act 29) and Section 95 of the Mental Health Act, 2012 (Act 846) ensures that individuals who attempt suicide will no longer face prosecution or conviction. This change marks a departure from Ghana’s previous stance, which criminalized the act of attempting to take one’s life.

The notification highlights that this legislative reform seeks to approach suicide attempts from a health and support perspective, aligning with global trends in mental health advocacy.

Individuals who attempt suicide will now be seen as needing medical and psychological support rather than legal punishment.

Circuit Court Judges and Magistrates are required to comply with this directive immediately, reflecting the new approach to mental health issues and legal processes in Ghana.

This move will positively be welcomed by mental health advocates and human rights organizations, who have long called for reforms to Ghana’s mental health laws, arguing that the criminalization of attempted suicide often prevents people from seeking help.

The Chief Justice has extended her compliments to the judiciary in ensuring adherence to this new legal framework.