The value of global trade rose to a record US$7.7trillion in Q1 2022, an increase of about US$1trillion relative to Q1 2021, according to UNCTAD’s Global Trade Update published on 7 July.
The growth, which represents a rise of about US$250million relative to Q4 2021, is fuelled by rising commodity prices as trade volumes have increased to a much lower extent.
Though expected to remain positive, trade growth has continued to slow during Q2 2022.
“The war in Ukraine is starting to influence international trade, largely through increases in prices,” the report says.
It adds that rising interest rates and the winding-down of economic stimulus packages will likely have a negative impact on trade volumes for the rest of 2022.
Volatility in commodity prices and geopolitical factors will also continue to make trade developments uncertain.
Trade growth strong for both developed and developing countries
According to the report, trade growth rates in Q1 2022 remained strong across all geographic regions, although somewhat lower in the East Asia and Pacific regions.
Export growth has been generally stronger in commodity-exporting regions, as commodity prices have increased. Trade-in merchandise goods reached about US$6.1trillion, an increase of about 25% relative to Q1 2021, and a jump of about 3.6% relative to Q4 2021.
The value of merchandise exports from developing countries was about 25% higher in Q1 2022 than in Q1 2021. In comparison, this figure is about 14% for developed countries.
Merchandise trade between developing countries also strongly grew during Q1 2022.
Trade in services grew to about US$1.6trillion, an increase of about 22% relative to Q1 2021 and a rise of about 1.7% relative to Q4 2021.
Substantial increases across sectors
The report shows that most economic sectors recorded substantial year-over-year increases in the value of their trade for Q1 2022.
High fuel prices are behind the strong increase in value of trade in the energy sector.
Trade growth was also above average for metals and chemicals.
By contrast, trade in the transportation sector and in communication equipment has remained below the levels of 2021 and 2019.
Slower economic growth, war in Ukraine dim prospects
The report says the evolution of world trade for the remainder of 2022 is likely to be affected by slower-than-expected economic growth due to rising interest rates, inflationary pressures and concerns over debt sustainability in many economies.
The report states that the war in Ukraine is affecting international trade by putting further upward pressure on the international prices of energy and primary commodities.
In the short-term, because of the inelastic global demand for food and energy products, rising food and energy prices will likely result in higher trade values and marginally lower trade volumes.
Other factors expected to influence global trade this year are continuing challenges for global supply chains, regionalisation trends and policies supporting the transition toward a greener global economy.